Premature birth remains one of the leading health challenges for newborns in India, demanding greater awareness among expecting mothers and families. According to recent health survey data, 13% of children in India are born prematurely and 17% have low birth weight. The burden is significantly higher in several northern states, with Rajasthan recording over 18% prevalence of premature births.
Highlighting the criticality of the issue, approximately 40% of all neonatal deaths in India are linked to prematurity and low birth weight, making timely diagnosis, early antenatal care and preventive measures critical.
Dr Shyam Sunder Sharma, Consultant - Neonatology, Fortis Hospital Jaipur, shared key insights on risk factors, early warning signs, and essential precautions for expectant mothers, especially in high-risk regions like Rajasthan.
Why Prematurity Happens
Prematurity refers to babies born before 37 weeks of pregnancy. Multiple factors influence preterm birth, including maternal health, environmental exposures, and lifestyle conditions.
Recent research shows:
- Exposure to PM2.5 air pollution during pregnancy increases the likelihood of low birth weight by 40% and premature delivery by nearly 70%.
- Climate conditions, especially fluctuations in temperature and rainfall patterns, have been linked with adverse birth outcomes, including preterm labour.
“These findings reinforce the need for pregnant women, especially those in urban and high-pollution zones, to take additional preventive measures and undergo regular antenatal monitoring,” said Dr Shyam Sunder Sharma, Consultant - Neonatology, Fortis Hospital Jaipur.
Early Signs of Preterm Labour
Expecting mothers should seek immediate medical attention if they notice:
- Persistent abdominal cramps or lower back pain
- Increased pelvic pressure
- Frequent uterine contractions
- Fluid leakage or bleeding
- Reduced fetal movements
“Many mothers mistake these symptoms as normal discomforts of pregnancy. However, early recognition and timely health check-ups can help prevent complications and significantly improve newborn outcomes,” added Dr Shyam Sunder Sharma, Consultant - Neonatology, Fortis Hospital Jaipur.
Precautionary Measures for Expecting Mothers
Dr Shyam Sunder Sharma, Consultant - Neonatology, Fortis Hospital Jaipur, advised mothers-to-be to follow essential preventive steps to lower their risk:
- Attend regular antenatal check-ups to identify high-risk pregnancies early
- Avoid exposure to polluted environments, especially outdoor activities during peak pollution hours
- Use protective masks and air purifiers at home where possible
- Maintain a nutritious diet rich in iron, protein and folic acid
- Stay hydrated and monitor blood pressure and blood sugar regularly
- Avoid strenuous physical activities and manage stress levels
- Report any unusual symptoms to the doctor without delay
“Prematurity is preventable in many cases. With timely intervention, lifestyle modifications, and awareness of warning signs, both mothers and babies can be protected from complications,” emphasized Dr Shyam Sunder Sharma, Consultant - Neonatology, Fortis Hospital Jaipur.
