Indian Railways has begun deploying advanced artificial intelligence and machine learning–based technologies to strengthen railway safety and improve operational efficiency across its network.
According to information released by the Press Information Bureau, multiple smart monitoring systems are being implemented to detect faults in trains, track infrastructure and overhead equipment in real time.
One of the key technologies is the Machine Vision Inspection System (MVIS), an AI and machine learning–based solution that automatically identifies loose, hanging or missing components in moving trains. Currently, **three MVIS units are operational in the Northeast Frontier Railway, two in the Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India Limited network and one in the South East Central Railway on a pilot basis for freight trains. Additional systems are planned under a cooperation agreement between the frontier railway network and DFCCIL.
To monitor the condition of train wheels and bearings, the railways have installed 24 Wheel Impact Load Detector (WILD) systems and 25 Online Monitoring of Rolling Stock (OMRS) systems. These wayside inspection technologies measure wheel impact and monitor rolling stock components to identify faults before they lead to accidents.
For track infrastructure, three Integrated Track Monitoring Systems (ITMS) have been deployed. The system uses machine learning and image processing to inspect railway track components such as rails, sleepers and fastenings. The data generated helps railway authorities plan immediate repairs and long-term maintenance to enhance track reliability and safety.
In another pilot initiative, drone-based thermal monitoring of overhead equipment (OHE) has been conducted in the Raipur Division. Indian Railways is also collaborating with Indian Institute of Technology Madras to develop AI-enabled aerial inspection systems that analyse captured images and data for early detection of faults in overhead infrastructure.
Meanwhile, the Research Designs and Standards Organisation (RDSO) is developing the Tri-Netra system, an advanced vision technology designed to assist locomotive pilots during fog, rain and other adverse weather conditions. The system integrates optical cameras, infrared sensors and ranging devices such as radar or LiDAR to provide enhanced real-time visibility.
To accelerate AI-driven innovations, Indian Railways has also introduced the Rail Technology Policy, adopted on February 26, 2026, and launched the Rail Technology Portal to encourage participation from startups and innovators. The policy includes a 50:50 cost-sharing model between Indian Railways and innovators for prototype development and testing.
